Slow bj and facial

Description:The resulting percentage of reactive fibers in each composite was used to calculate the mean percentage of fiber type present in each muscle for each species see Figure 1. Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion in primates including humans occur rapidly and last only a short period of time [17] — [20]. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. In mammals, this musculature takes on an additional function as a means to produce visual communication signals, deforming the facial mask into expressions of emotion [1]. Further, the lips themselves act as articulators in human speech as part of the supralaryngeal portion of the vocal tract [10]. Results confirmed our hypothesis: Speech is distinguished from other types of primate vocalizations in its combination of bimodally rhythmic, acoustic output plus visual output [8] , [11] — [13] which depends upon contraction of facial muscles to move the lips.

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